This is not surprising since musical intelligence has been associated with several musical capacities such as perceiving, discriminating, performing, or expressing sounds ( Gardner 1993), which are highly crucial in the early stages of foreign language learning where sound acquisition plays a dominant role. 2014 Milovanov 2009 Milovanov and Tervaniemi 2011). Previous studies provided evidence that musical and language abilities are linked and proposed a positive transfer from music-to-language ( Christiner 2018 Ludke 2018 Ludke et al. As impressions on how foreign languages are perceived are also related to musical capacities, perceptual language parameters address a new perspective that facilitates the understanding of the link between music and language in general. In particular, intelligibility measures are associated with singing aptitude and how melodic languages appear to be. These findings provide novel evidence of the link between musical and speech abilities. Correlational analyses revealed that musical aptitude measures are related to melodic perception and how memorable unfamiliar utterances sound, whereas singing aptitude is related to the perceived difficulty level of the language material. These were short-term memory capacity, melodic singing ability, speech perception ability, and how melodic and memorable the utterances sounded to the participants. Regression analysis revealed that five measures explained the variance in the intelligibility of unfamiliar foreign utterances. We used batteries of perceptual and generational music and language measures to assess foreign language intelligibility and musical capacity. We tested 80 healthy adults, with a mean age of 34.05 and a combination of 41 women and 39 men. Furthermore, how unfamiliar languages are perceived has rarely been related to musical ability. Whether musical ability is associated with the ability to generate intelligible unfamiliar utterances has not been investigated. Further studies are required to examine the effects of age and output-modality on these tasks.Previous research suggests that musical ability is associated with language processing and foreign language pronunciation. Discussion & Conclusions: The current results were consistent with those from Waters and Caplan (2003), reporting composite measure increased stabilities and reliabilities for the working memory measures and all of the working memory tasks loaded onto a single factor. A principal component analysis revealed that the one-factor solution accounted for 66% of the total variance for four different working memory pointing tasks. As short-term memory measures, digit and word forward pointing span measures were highly correlated (r=0.79). Concurrent validity results suggested that the pointing version of the digit span measures shared only 25~40% of the total variance with the standardized measure of the digit span-recall. However, test-retest reliabilities increased up to 0.86 when a composite measure was used with a combination of at least two different tasks. Results The test-retest reliability results revealed that the range of Pearson’s correlation coefficients was 0.43~0.77. Fifty-five normal individuals participated in the study and performed all of the tasks. An alphabet pointing span task and a subtract-2 pointing span measure were developed as working memory tasks. Methods Digit forward and backward pointing span measures were developed by adapting the most commonly used digit forward/backward recall tasks to pointing measures. The specific aim of the study was to examine psychometric properties such as test-retest reliability, concurrent and construct validity, and internal item consistency in newly developed pointing span measures. The current study developed pointing span measures that do not require verbal output and thus can be used to assess short-term and working memory capacities in special populations with verbal-output deficits. However, there are limitations to the employment of short-term and working memory tasks developed for assessing normal cognitive processing for the evaluation of speech and/or language-impaired clinical populations. The Reliability and Validity of Short-term and Working Memory Pointing Tasks Developed for Clinical Populations with Speech and Language DisordersĬopyright ©2011 The Korean Academy of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiologyīackground & Objectives Short-term and working memory capacity theories have gained considerable attention as underlying cognitive mechanisms, deficiencies in which may account for language processing difficulties in individuals with speech and language disorders.
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